Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology

ISSUES IN SHAPING STUDENTS’ LEARNING AND COGNITIVE ACTIVITY

Sarieva Munira

Teacher of the Department of General Pedagogy of the NSPI named after Ajinyoz

Keywords: learning activity; cognitive development; student engagement; motivation; pedagogy; instructional design

Abstract

This paper examines the theoretical and practical issues associated with shaping students’ learning and cognitive activity in modern educational environments. Emphasis is placed on the role of motivation, instructional design, and teacher–student interaction in fostering active learning. The study reviews psychological foundations, key pedagogical approaches, and challenges observed in contemporary classrooms. The findings highlight the need for learner-centered strategies, differentiated instruction, and continuous assessment to support effective cognitive engagement. Recommendations for improving learning activity formation are proposed based on current research and best practices.

References

1. Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. National Academy Press.

2. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press.

3. Piaget, J. (1972). The Psychology of the Child. Basic Books.

4. Schunk, D. H. (2020). Learning Theories: An Educational Perspective (8th ed.). Pearson.

5. Illeris, K. (2009). Contemporary Theories of Learning: Learning Theorists… In Their Own Words. Routledge.

6. Biggs, J., & Tang, C. (2011). Teaching for Quality Learning at University (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.