MORPHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOGYSTOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF CHILDREN'S ADENOID (LITERARY REVIEW)

Khusanov Shoyadbek

Assistants of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Andijan State Medical Institute Andijan, Uzbekistan

Rakhimov Solijon

Assistants of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Andijan State Medical Institute Andijan, Uzbekistan

Ulmasov Alijon

Assistants of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Andijan State Medical Institute Andijan, Uzbekistan


Abstract

Ushbu maqolada bolalar adenoid to‘qimasining morfologik va immunogistokimyoviy o‘zgarishlari adabiyotlar sharhi asosida tahlil qilingan. Adenoid giperplaziyasi pediatriya va otorinolaringologiya amaliyotida eng ko‘p uchraydigan patologiyalardan biri bo‘lib, uning kelib chiqishida surunkali yallig‘lanish, allergik jarayonlar hamda immun tizim faolligining buzilishi muhim rol o‘ynaydi.


References

1. Ahn, J. H., Lee, Y. S., & Kim, D. H. (2023). Adenoid hypertrophy in children: pathogenesis and clinical relevance. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 167, 111498.

2. Lee, K. S., Park, J. W., & Cho, S. Y. (2024). Age-group-specific associations between adenoid hypertrophy and craniofacial development in children. BMC Oral Health, 24(5), 932.

3. Kim, S. H., Han, J. W., & Ahn, S. K. (2023). Histopathological changes in adenoid tissue of children with chronic inflammation. Journal of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, 52(4), 322–329.

4. Alkhatib, R., et al. (2024). Novel classification system of adenoids based on appearance and immunohistochemical features. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 184(7), 634–642.

5. Zhou, X., Wang, L., & Zhang, H. (2024). Correlation of CD3, CD20, and CD68 expression with adenoid hypertrophy severity in children. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 14(2), 125–138.

6. Singh, P., Verma, R., & Choudhary, M. (2023). Clinical and morphological characteristics of adenoid hypertrophy in pediatric population. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology, 75(1), 15–22.

7. Liu, Y., et al. (2024). Immunohistochemical profiling of adenoid tissue in children with recurrent upper respiratory infections. Frontiers in Immunology, 15(9), 1150–1161.

8. Alkhatib, R., & Nasrallah, M. (2024). Role of IgA and IgG in adenoid tissue during chronic inflammation. Karger Journal of Immunopathology, 183(4), 410–418.

9. Sharma, S., et al. (2022). Immunohistochemical evaluation of adenoids and tonsils in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 61, 101569.

10. Tursunov, A. I., & Rasulov, B. M. (2024). Gistomorfologik o‘zgarishlar bolalarda adenoid giperplaziyasi bilan. Medical Journal of Uzbekistan, 2(1), 35–41.

11. Karimova, D. N., Yuldasheva, N. T., & Xolmatov, S. S. (2025). Mikrobiota va immunologik o‘zgarishlar adenoid giperplaziyasida. Tashkent Medical Academy Reports, 3(4), 22–30.

12. Abdug‘aniyev, O. K., & Raximova, M. S. (2023). Bolalar adenoid to‘qimalarining immunogistokimyoviy o‘zgarishlari. Buxoro State Medical Institute Bulletin, 5(2), 48–55.

13. Kadirov, B. T., & Ismoilov, U. A. (2024). Adenoidektomiya oldidan va keyin bolalarda immun markerlar ekspressiyasi. BSMI Scientific Journal, 4(3), 19–26.

14. Rakhmatullaeva, N. S., & Mirzaev, A. B. (2023). Adenoid giperplaziyasi bo‘lgan bolalarda nafas va eshitish funksiyasi o‘zgarishlari. Uzbek Journal of Pediatrics, 2(2), 12–18.

15. Xudoyberdiyev, A. I., & Jo‘rayev, M. K. (2024). Adenoid to‘qimasining morfologik tuzilishi va klinik ahamiyati. Otorinolaringologiya va klinik amaliyot jurnali, 6(1), 27–33.

16. Karimov, S. M., & Islomova, D. Z. (2025). Mikroelementlar yetishmovchiligi va adenoid o‘sishlari o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlik. Journal of Modern Medical Research of Uzbekistan, 5(2), 14–22.

17. bsmi.uz (2024). The results of anthropometric studies of the maxillofacial region of children with adenoids. Bukhara State Medical Institute, maqola arxivi.

18. journals.scinnovations.uz (2025). Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy in children with allergic rhinitis: Clinical features and disease interrelationship. Eurasian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 7(2), 152–160.

19. Karatayev, S. A., & Usmonova, Z. M. (2023). Adenoid giperplaziyasining immunopatologik mexanizmlari. Samarkand Medical Journal, 2(4), 10–18.

20. World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). Pediatric upper airway disorders: global update. Geneva: WHO Press.

21. Shomurotovna R. Y., Zokir o’g’li A. A., Qahramonovna H. M. THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGIES IN IMPROVING THE LIFE OF THE ELDERLY.(LITERATURE REVIEW) //Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology. – 2025. – Т. 5. – №. 3. – С. 435-438.

22. Shomurotovna R. Y., Tukhtaevna T. S. HEALTH OF MEDICAL WORKERS AND RISK FACTORS AFFECTING THEM //Web of Medicine: Journal of Medicine, Practice and Nursing. – 2024. – Т. 2. – №. 5. – С. 26-30.